Baclofen: A Practical Guide for Patients and Caregivers

Have you been prescribed baclofen and want to know what to expect? Baclofen is a muscle relaxant used to reduce spasticity from conditions like multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or certain brain disorders. It can help reduce stiffness and spasms so daily tasks become easier, but it also comes with side effects and rules for safe use. This page gives clear, useful facts so you can talk to your doctor with confidence.

How baclofen works and when doctors use it

Baclofen works in the spinal cord to calm overactive nerves that cause muscle tightness. Doctors commonly prescribe it for leg or arm spasticity after spinal cord injury, for multiple sclerosis, or sometimes in other neurological conditions. For severe, localized spasticity that doesn’t respond to pills, some patients get baclofen delivered directly into the spine via an intrathecal pump — that’s managed by a specialist and uses much smaller doses than oral tablets.

Dosage, side effects, and safety tips

Typical oral dosing starts low: many people begin with 5 mg three times a day. Your doctor may slowly raise the dose every few days. Typical maintenance doses range from about 15 mg to 80 mg per day, split into several doses. Always follow your prescriber’s schedule — don’t increase the dose on your own.

Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, nausea, and headache. Because baclofen can make you sleepy, avoid driving or using heavy machinery until you know how it affects you. Mixing baclofen with alcohol, sedatives, or strong pain medicines raises the risk of dangerous drowsiness and breathing problems.

One serious issue is withdrawal: stopping baclofen suddenly can cause rapid return of spasticity, hallucinations, high fever, or seizures. If you and your doctor decide to stop baclofen, the dose should be reduced gradually under medical supervision. Patients with kidney problems need lower doses because baclofen leaves the body through the kidneys — tell your doctor about any kidney disease.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: there’s limited data on safety. If you might become pregnant or are breastfeeding, discuss risks and alternatives with your clinician before starting or stopping medication.

Practical tips: take tablets with food to reduce stomach upset, keep a simple diary of spasms and side effects to share with your doctor, and list all other medicines and supplements you take to check for interactions. If spasms worsen, or you notice severe mood changes, trouble breathing, or very high fever, seek medical care right away.

Want to learn more or compare options? Ask your clinician about oral versus intrathecal delivery, physical therapy strategies that work alongside medicine, and whether referral to a specialist is appropriate. Safe use and clear communication with your care team make a big difference when using baclofen.